The Zionist movement, which began in the late 19th century, aimed to create a national homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine. It gained momentum after World War I, bolstered by the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which paved the way for the establishment of a Jewish nation-state in Palestine.
After World War II in 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan for Palestine, advocating separate Jewish and Arab states with Jerusalem as an international city.
while Jewish leaders accepted the plan, it faced rejection and opposition by the Arabs, resulting in conflict. On May 14, 1948, Israel formally declared its independence.
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