Jammu and Kashmir was given special status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. It was created in 1949 by N.Gopalaswami Iyengar, a member of the Indian Constituent Assembly, as a ‘temporary measure‘.
This constitutional provision was inspired by the Instrument of Accession signed by Hari Singh, the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, after the invasion of Pakistan in 1947.
The state of Jammu and Kashmir enjoyed unusual benefits under Article 370, including the right to establish its own constitution and flag, as well as autonomy in most subjects with exceptions in defence, foreign affairs and communications.
However, in 2019, Parliament, through a Presidential order, renamed the ‘Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir‘ as the ‘Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir‘ and assumed the powers of the Assembly. As a result, Article 370 was abrogated, the powers of the Legislative Assembly were transferred to the Central Government and the constitutional landscape of Jammu and Kashmir was changed.
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