The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is an important multinational treaty that aims to ban all nuclear explosions, whether for military or civilian purposes.
It began in the Cold War era when the United States and the Soviet Union conducted nuclear weapons and intensive tests. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union created a favourable environment for comprehensive arms control initiatives.
The CTBT was formally ratified by the United Nations in 1996, marking an important step toward establishing a complete ban on nuclear weapons testing and filling the gaps left by earlier treaties.
The treaty provides that it shall enter into force 180 days after ratification by all 44 countries named in Annex 2, including States possessing nuclear or research reactors at the time of adoption.
Although the CTBT has so far been signed by 187 countries and ratified by 178, its formal implementation is dependent on the ratification of eight countries: China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran, Egypt, and the United States. Unless these countries sign it, the treaty will not come into force.
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